Type setting and justifying machine.



N9- 8'26,578. PATENTED JULY 24, 1906.

F. A. JOHNSON. TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT, 23 1899- I 7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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PATENTED JULY 24, 19 06.

I. A. JOHNSON. TYPE SETTING AN'D JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

A PPLIGATION FILED SEPT. 23, 1899.

7 BREETS-SHEET 2.

THE "on": PITIIS cu, WASHINGTON. 04 c,

110. 826,578. PATENTED JULY 24, 1906.

F. A. JOHNSON. I TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYIN-G MAGH-INE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 23, 1899.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ME 55555. 105' fizz EJ753271:

h/fc E5555- 5 v PATENTED JULY 24, 1906. P. A. JOHNSON.

TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIPYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-23. 1899.

7 SHEETSSHEET 4.

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N0. 826,578. PATENTED JULY 24, 1906. P. A. JOHNSON. TYPE SETTING ANDJUSTIFYING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT.23. 1899.

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I PATENTED JULY 24, 1906. P. A. JOHNSON. TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYINGMACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 2311899.

'7 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

MiJZESSE No 826,578. PATENTED JULY 24, 1906.

' F. AJJOHNS ON.

TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

' APPLIQATION FILED SEPT. 23. 1899.

7 SHEETSSHBET 7.

' of words paces in it.

UNITED s i-Ares PATENT oFFioE.

FRANK AMOS JOHNSON, OF NEWBEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO THE UN ITYPE COMPANY, OF MANCHES- TER, CONNECTICUT, ACORPORATION OF NE'W JERSEY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 24, 1906.

Application fi September 23, 1899. Serial No. 731.479.

To (ZZZ 111700117, it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK AMos J OHNSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at New Bedford, in the county of Bristol and State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in TypeSetting and Justifying Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

The present invention comprises a justifying mechanism which may be usedin con junction with any of the forms of type-setting machines which areadapted to assemble lines of type with temporary spaces. In the drawingsI have shown this justifying mechanism as ponstituting the left-handportion of a combined type setting and justifying machine somewhatsimilar in its general outline ,to the machine shown in Letters PatentNo. 607,047, issued to me July 12, 1898.

In the machine described in the abovementioned patent the lines of typeare assembled with temporary spaces and pass from the type-settingmachine to the justifier. In the justifier each line is measured and thespacing devices are set in accordance with the measurement of the lineand the number The justifying-spaces are cut from strips of type metaland inserted in the line in lieu of the temporary spaces, whichtemporary spaces are returned to the magazine of the type-setter forreuse.

In the present invention lines of type are assembled with temporaryspaces of the largest size permissible in justified lines. These spacesare preferably of type-metal, although they may be of other materialwhich is capable of being trimmed to a smaller size readily. After aline is assembled it is measured and the respacing devices are set inaccordance with said measurement and the number of word-spaces in theline.

The spaces are then successively ejected from the line, trimmed toproper size for justifying, and replaced in the line. As shown, thetrimming is performed with a saw, while a projecting end of the space iscut off by a knife or chisel. The invention will now be particularlydescribed in connection with the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure1 is a front elevation of the justifying-machine, showing also afragment of an attached type-setting machine. Fig. 2 is a rail by atype-shuttle 14 to of assemblage 15.

rock-shaft 20, arm 21, link 22,

plan view with the top bracket or cap removed. Fig. 3 is a left endelevation. Fig. 4 is a section about on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5is a sectionon the line 5 5 of Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 6 is a frontelevation with parts broken away. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of one ofthe temporary spaces. Fig. 8 is a vertical section about on the line 8 8of Fig. 1, and Fig. 9 is a sectional plan taken in part on the line 9 9of Fig. 8.

The main frame of the machine may be of any size and shape suitable tosustain the operating parts. As shown, it comprises a base A, a mainbracket B, and a cap piece or bracket C.

I have shown in several views a small portion of a typesetting machineat the right of the justifier sufiicient to illustrate the manner ofassembling the lines with temporary spaces. This type-setting machine issub.- stantially the same as that illustrated in the patent abovementioned, and it need only be briefly alluded to.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6, D indicates a magazine havingchannels 10 for type and a channel 11 for the temporary spaces.

The type and spaces are ejected in their proper order by plungers 12,the type being delivered onto a rail 13 and carried along said the stickor place The untrimmed temporary spaces are indicated by ac and thetrimmed or justifying spaces by 11 Each time that a space as is ejectedfrom its magazine a Word-counting rack 16 is permitted to be drawnforward one step bya spring 17. The word-counting rack is operated fromthe space-ejector 12 by means of link 18, arm 19,

and escapepawls 23 24. The pawl 24 is pivotally connected to the link,and the pawl 23 is connected by means of a pin and slot. The pawls areurged toward each other by means of a spring 25. The operation of theabove devices Will be obvious. The word-counting rack 16 is in mesh witha pinion 26 on an upright shaft 27, Figs. 2, 5, and 6, and on the upperend of shaft 27 is a pinion 28, in mesh with a rack 29 in front of thestick 15. The rack 29 carries a stud 80, on which is pivoted a pawl 31adjacent to the stick. The pawl 31 serves as a stop for the type-line asit' is formed in the stick, and the gearing between I the slide 29,which carries the pawl, and the countingrack 16 is so proportioned thatthe pawl moves backward each time a space is ejected into the line adistance equal to the difference between the thickness of one of thetemporary spaces as and a normal space, thus lengthening the stick tocompensate for said difference. A coiled spring 32, surrounding the stud30, tends to throw the pawl 31 up into the path of the type, Figs. 2 and5. Beneath the pawl 31 is a rocking blade 33, mounted on a rock-shaft34. The shaft is rocked periodically to throw up the blade and throw thepawl down out of the path of the type by a reciprocating rod 34 restingon and operated by stop-bolt 38, hereinafter described, Figs. 1 and 5.When suflicient type and spaces have been assembled in the stick 15 toform a line, a starting-key 35 is depressed to bring the justifyingmechanism into operation. Upon the rear end of the starting-lever 36 isa pivoted depending hook 37, which engages a shoulder on a stopbolt 38and raises the lower end of said bolt out of engagement with a rack 39,Figs. 5 and 6. The rack 39, which will be termed the lowercompacting-rack, is then drawn to the left by a weight 40, attached tocord 41, passing around a sheave 42, Figs. 1, 6, and 9. The rack 39 isin mesh with a pinion 43 on a shaft 44, and the pinion 45 on the upperend of said shaft is in mesh with an upper compacting-rack 46. Acompacting-head 47 is carried by said rack 46 and slides in verticalguideways thereon, Fig. 6. Before the rack 46 starts to the left thecompacting-head 47 is raised by finger 38 on bolt 38, the upper end ofsaid head extending into the stick 15 and carrying the line of typecontained therein over against an abutment 90. It will be evidenttherefore, that the amount of movement of the compacting-racks to theleft will depend upon the amount of matter in the line measured. Thismovement of the compact ing-racks is used to adjust the mechanism forcutting down the spaces, as will be here inafter described. Thecompacting-head 47 is lowered on the return movement of the rack by arib 50 on a pivoted switch-piece 48, which is pressed upward normally bya spring 49. Said rib engages a pin 47 a and draws the head below thestick to permit the next line of type to be assembled therein.

A transversely-reciprocating saw 51 is connected to a block 52, whichslides in a head 53, attached to a slide 54, which slide is suitablyguided in the main bracket B, Figs. 6 and 8. Slide 54 is normallypressed to the left by a spring 55, and on its lower surface it isprovided with a shoulder 56, against which the upper ends of a series ofjustifyinglevers 57 bear. The justifying-levers 57 have theirfulcrum-points 58 variously arranged,

so that like movements of the lower ends of the levers will producedifferent movements of their upper ends. A series of slides 59, Figs. 6and 8, are located opposite the lower ends of the levers. These slidesare of different lengths, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 6, tocompensate for the excess in the line due to the abnormal spaces. Uponthe word-counting rack 16 is a cam 60, and in the left end of the lowercompacting-rack 39 are a series of sliding pins 61. At the end of eachline the cam 60 will be located in the path of a pin 61, correspondingto the number of word-spaces in the line, and as the rack 39 moves tothe left the proper pin will be raised and will cause a correspondingslide 59 and justifying-lever 57 to be operated. On

the return of rack 39 the elevated pin 61 is depressed by an inclinedsurface 60 The amount of movement given to the justifyinglever willdepend upon the measurement of the line, as said measurement controlsthe movement of the compactingslide, and also upon the length of theselected slide 59. The number of word-spaces in the line and the lengthof the line are thus made the two factors which control the movement ofthe sawcarrying slide, and the parts are so proportioned that the saw isadjusted for each line to the proper position for cutting down thespaces of that line to the size of justifyingspaces. As soon as the sawis properly adjusted the saw-carrying slide is clamped in position by alocking-lever 62, operated by a spring 63 and a rod 64, bearing on a cam65 on movementshaft E.

Beneath the base-plate is a constantly-running power-shaft D, driven bya pulley D. Shaft D is formed in two parts connected by a crank-pin 66,Fig. 9, and the saw 51 is operated from the crank-pin by means of a link67, lever 68, and link 69, Fig. 8. On one end of shaft D is a gear 70,which drives an idle gear 71 and a gear 72 loose on the movementshaft E,Fig. 9. The gear 72 and its attached clutch member 73 are thusconstantly rotated. Pivoted in a slot in the shaft E is a pawl 74, whichnormally tends to cooperate with said clutch member, but is preventedfrom doing so by a wedge 75, which engages the rear end of the pawl andthrows the forward end out of engagement with the clutch,

Figs. 5 and 9. Wedge 75 is in the form of an arm of a rock-shaft 76, andthe spring 77 bearing on said arm tends to throw the wedge out ofengagement with the pawl. The wedge is normally held in engagement withthe pawl by an arm 78 on said rock-shaft, against which bears the pin79, carried by a rack 80. (Shown in dotted lines, Fig. 9.) The rack 80is in gear with the compacting-shaft 44 by means of pinion 81 and gear82, Fig. 9. It will be evident that when the starting-key is depressedand the compacting-shaft 44 rotated the wedge 75 will be thrown out ofengagement with the pawl 74 and the clutch 73 Fig. 6, which rests on thelower compactingengaged therewith, therebystarting the movement-shaft E.As said shaft revolves cam 83 thereon engages a roll 84 on pin 79 andthrows the rack forward, thus rotating the compacting-shaft 44 andrestoring the compacting-slides to their initial positions and at thesame time raising the wedge 75 into position to intercept the pawl 74and stop the movement-shaft on the completion of a single revolution.

The movement of slide 39 to the left upon its release by thestarting-key effects the return of the word-counting rack 16 as follows:The word-counting rack is in gear with shaft 27, as previouslydescribed. Upon this shaft is a pinion 85 in gear with a rack 86, whichrack carries a pawl 87, adapted to run idly in a groove 88 in the lowercompacting-slide 39 as the word-counting rack is being adjusted duringthe operation of assembling a line of type. As the slide 39 moves to theleft one of its pins 61 is first raised by the cam 60 on thecounting-rack, and the pawl 87 then encounters a shoulder at the end ofgroove 88, and slide 86 is thereafter carried to the left until thecounting-rack reaches its initial or rearward position. At this point anarm 89 encounters an obstruction which throws the pawl 87 out ofengagement with slide 39, and the word-counting rack is held in itsinitial position by the pawl 24.

The abutment-block 90, against which the line is measured, is carried ina verticallymovable slide 91, Fig. 6, so that it may be thrown up intothe channel 2 to intercept the type-line and then lowered to permit theline to pass. The channel 2 is a continuation of the stick 15, leadingfrom the stick to the galley. The abutment-block 90 is detachable fromthe slide 91, so that blocks of different lengths may be substituted toprovide for measuring lines of, different column measure. The slide 91tends to rise under the influence of a lever 92 and underlying spring93. It is normally held down, however, by a rod 94,

slide 39. As soon as said slide begins to move forward the rod 94 dropsinto groove 88 and permits the abutment-block to rise in time tointercept the line of type. It will be understood that the stick-pawlhas previously been withdrawn from the channel 15 to permit the line topass to the abutmentblock.

On the movement-shaft E is a loose sheave 95, to which is attached oneend of a cord 96. Cord 96 passes about pulleys 97 98, Figs. 5, 6, and 8,and is connected to a follower-rack 99, which carries avertically-movable follower 100. To the follower-rack 99is alsoconnected a cord 101, which passes around sheaves 102 103 and isconnected to a sheave 104, which is loose upon the power-shaft D, Figs.1, 3, and 4. Connected to pulley 104 is a second cord 105, carrying aweight 106. The pulley also carries the spring-pressed pawl 107, whichengages a ratchet-wheel 108, fast on the shaft. The weight 106 tends toturn the pulley 104 in the direction in which the shaft moves, and thepawl and ratchet 107 108 prevent the pulley from rotating faster thanthe shaft, and thereby control the movement of cord 101 and its attachedfollower-head.

As the movementshaft revolves, consequent upon the operation of thestarting-key, a pawl 109, carried by an arm 110, which is fast on saidshaft, engages a block 111 on pulley 95, Fig. 8. Just before themovementshaft completes its revolution the tail end of pawl 109encounters a fixed piece 1 12 and the pawl is disengaged from the pulley95, releasing the same and permitting it to be drawn backward by thecord 96. This single rotation of pulley draws the follower-slide back topermit the follower to engage the line of type under justification andraises the follower-propelling weight 106. During the rearward movementof the follower rack or slide the follower-head 100, which slides in aguide 113 on the rack 99, is kept in an elevated position by agravity-pawl 114, which slides on a rail 115, the head being pivotallyconnected to said pawl. As soon as the rack 99 starts to move to theleft the head 100 is dropped into the channel 2 by the gravity-pawl 114,and it engages the rear end of the line and moves the same forward untilit is intercepted in a manner hereinafter described.

The line of type during its forward movements is clamped between thefollower 100 and a preceder 116, Fig. 6. The preceder 116 is connectedto a sliding rack 117, which is normally drawn to the right by a cord118; passing over sheaves 119 and 120 and having at its extremity aweight 121, Figs. 5 and 6, the said weight being comparatively light andadapted to be overpowered by the weight impelling the follower. Underthe combined influence of the follower and the preceder the line, in aclamped position, tends to move to the left toward the galley. Thetemporary spaces as are formed with extensions ac, which project forwardbeyond the type. As the line moves to the left these projections stop itwith the several spaces successively opposite the saw and the spaces areremoved, trimmed, and returned to the line by mechanism which will nowbe described. Opposite a point in the channel 2 above the saw is aconstantly-reciprocating ejecting-plunger 122, Figs. 2 and 8. Thisplunger is carried by a head 123 011 slide 124, connected by link 125 toa spring-arm 126, carried on elbow-lever 127. Arm 126 is thrown forwardby a spring 128 and backward by a slide 129, which has a roll 130resting on cam 131 on the power-shaft D, the slide 129 being suitablyjointed to the lever 127. To the lever 127 is also connected aspace-injecting plunger 132 by means of a link 133. Plunger 122 removesthe space from the line, and the plunger 132 replaces it in the lineafter it has been trimmed. The ejecting-plunger 122 at each revolutionof shaft D tends to enter the channel 2, but is prevented normally by ashutter 134. When a temporary space arrives in line with theejecting-plunger, however, the shutter 134, which is pivoted at 135, ismoved to the left by projection 90 and the plunger enters the channel,carrying the space rearward into a suitable groove or holder 136 in anelevator 137. The space is clamped in the elevator by a pin 138 on aspring-pressed lever 139, Figs. 2 and 8. The elevator is operated by avertically-reciprocating rod 140, Figs. 2, 3, and 8, link 141, crank142, rock-shaft 143, pinion 144, rack 145, link 146, and cam-lever 147,the latter having a roll which runs in a groove in the face of cam 131,Fig. 9.

The operation of the space-cutting devices is as follows: The temporaryspace pushes aside the shutter 134. The ejecting-plunger then pushes thespace into the elevator, where it is clamped by the pin 138. Theelevator then descends, carrying the space to the saw. The rearwardmovement of the saw then trims off the proper amount from the space, andthe elevator carries the space back in line with the channel 2. Theinjecting-plum ger 132 then returns the space to the channel. During thedownward movement of the elevator the projection ac of the space istrimmed off by a knife 148, Fig. 8. During the operation of removing andreplacing the space the line must be released from the pressure of thepreceder and follower heads, and this is accomplished in the followingmanner: Referring to Figs. 6 and 8, 149 indicates avertically-reciprocating rod which is operated by a roll 150, resting ona portion of cam 131. Rod 149 is connected to an arm 151 on a rock-shaft152, and on the forward end of said rock-shaft is a double lever 153.The upper end of said lever carries a pawl 154, which engages thepreceder-rack 1 17 when it is moved to the left. When it is moved to theright, an incline 155 on the pawl engages a fixed pin 156 and the pawlis raised from the rack, permitting the latter to move freely in eitherdirection. To the lower end of the lever 153 is connected a pawl 157,which engages the follower-rack 99 when moved to the right. When saidpawl is moved to the left, its inclined end engages a pin 158, whichlifts the pawl from the rack, permitting the rack to move freely ineither direction. It will be obvious that at each revolution of thepowershaft D the pawls 154 157 engage the racks and move the followerand preceder heads apart, thus relieving the line of all pressure, asshown in Fig. 6. The pressure on the line is thus relieved during thetime the space is being removed, trimmed, and replaced. As

soon as the space is replaced in the line the pawls are withdrawn fromthe racks, and the line is permitted to move forward under the influenceof the follower-head until the next space is intercepted by the shutter.The movement of the shutter is limited by a fixed pin 159, Fig. 1, whichstops the space in proper position opposite the ejecting-plunger. Afterthe last space 90 has been transformed into a justifying-space y theline moves to the left under the influence of the follower 100 until itregisters with the galley 160, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. The galley isprovided with the sliding support 161, which is moved down each time aline is transferred to it, the topmost line or lead remaining flush withthe bottom of channel 2 ready to receivethe succeeding line. The linesare ejected from the channel 2 to the galley by a blade 162, carried bya cross-bar 163 on a rack 164. The said rack is reciprocated by a pinion165, Figs. 2 and 4, on a shaft 166. A spring 167, connected to saidshaft, tends to throw the blade 162 forward when said spring is undertension. The spring is placed under tension each time the movement-shaftis rotated by means of a pinion 168, rack 169, and connecting-rod 170,the said connecting-rod having a slot 171, which engages with a crankpin172 on the end of the movement-shaft E, Figs. 4 and 9. Above theejecting-blade and connected thereto are two blades 173, Figs. 2 and 4,adapted to enter the bottom of a lead-magazine 175 and eject thelowermost lead onto a line of type as the latter is being transferred.Above the galley is a depressing-bar 176, carried by yoke 177, which isconnected to arms 178 of a rock-shaft 179, Figs. 1 and 3. Thedepressing-bar 176 is normally held in a raised position by a spring180, and it is periodically depressed by means of an arm 181 and a hook182, the latter engaging, with a projection 183 on a sliding rack 184.The rack is reciprocated by a pinion 185, which is driven by arock-shaft 186 and pinion 187 in mesh with teeth on the lower side ofrack 164, Figs. 3 and 4. When the line-transfer blade 162 is movedforward, the shoulder 183 travels forward under the hook 182. If for anyreason the line is not fully transferred to the iragazine, the hook 182will not engage the shoulder 183 and the depressing-bar will not beoperated. WVhen the line is fully transferred to the magazine, the hookdrops over the shoulder 183, and on the return movement of rack 184 thedepressingbar 17 6 moves down and carries the last line into the galleysufficiently to permit the neXt line to be transferred. At this pointthe beveled end of the hook 182 rides over a pin 188, which releases thehook and permits spring 180 to raise the depressing-bar 176.

From the above detail description and the accompanying drawings theoperation of the justifier will be readily understood. The

.various movement s, briefly recapitulated,

are as follows: The type and temporary spaces as are assembled in thestick 15 by any suitable type-setting machine. When a sufiicient amountof matter has been assembled to constitute a line, the starting-lever isoperated and the lower compacting-rack 39 released by raising thestop-bolt 38. Simultaneously the finger 38 throws up the compacting-head47 and the rod 34 rocks blade 33 and lowers stick-pawl 31. The releasedcompacting-rack 39 is drawn to the left by weight 40, and simultaneouslythe compacting-head 47 is drawn to the left, carrying the line with itthrough channel 2, against the abutment 90, which abutment is raisedinto the channel immediately after the lower compacting -rack 39 starts.The line is therefore compressed and measured between the head 47 andthe abutment 90, and the movement of slide 39 is limited by suchmeasurement. The counting-rack, which was located while the line wasbeing set up, presents the cam in the path of one of the pins 61 andraises said pin into position to engage a slide 59 to operate the properjustifying-lever and set the saw-carrying slide to trim the spaces forthe line properly. The saw-carrying slide is immediately clamped by thelever 62, and it remains clamped until the line is justified and thestarting-key operated for the succeeding line. As soon as the saw isadjusted the measuring devices are returned to their initial positionsby the cam 83, which rotates the shaft 44 backward, said cam being onthe movementshaft, which makes one complete revolution each time thestarting-key is depressed. During the return movement of thecompacting-slide 46 the head 47 is drawn down by the rib 50. Thestick-pawl 31 rises immediately after the starting-key is released. Theoperation of setting type for the next line may be begun immediately andcontinued while the mechanism is automatically justifying the precedingline. During the rotation of the movement-shaft the follower-rack isbrought to the right and released, and as it starts to the left underthe influence of its Weight the follower-head 100 enters channel zbehind the line of type. The precederhead is always in advance of theline of type, and the line is clamped between said heads and moved tothe left until the first temporary space 00 engages the shutter 134. Theinjecting and ejecting plungers and the elevator are continuouslyoperated by the power-shaft, and at each revolution of said shaft one ofthe spaces is removed from the line, trimmed, and replaced. Theline-releasing devices are also continuously operated, and the line isunclamped once during each revolution of the power-shaft to permit theremoval of a space. After the last space is trimmed. the line moves tothe galley.

During the next rotation of the movementshaft the line is transferred tothe galley and 1depressed out of the way of the succeeding The machineherein described constitutes one means of manufacturingjustifyingspaces. The broad idea of manufacturing justifying-spaces isdisclosed in my prior patent above mentioned and is also de scribed andclaimed in Letters Patent No. 608,997, granted August 9, 1898, to theJohnson Typesetter Company. I believe the invention herein described isthe first mechanism constructed and arranged to justify a line of typeassembled with temporary spaces by removing portions of those spaces toreduce them to proper size for justifying.

Without limiting myself to the particular construction and arrangementof devices illustrated and described, I claim 1. A mechanism forjustifying lines of type composed with single temporary spaces ofmaximum width, comprising means for successively reducing said singlespaces to the proper width to justify the line.

2. A mechanism for ustifying lines of type composed with temporaryspaces of maximum width, comprising means for trimming portions fromsaid temporary spaces to form justifying-spaces.

3. A mechanism for justifying lines of type composed with temporaryspaces of maximum width, comprising means for removing said spaces fromthe lines successively, means for reducing said spaces in size to formjusti fying-spaces, and means for replacing said justifying-spaces inthe line.

4. A mechanism for justifying lines of type composed with temporaryspaces of maximum width, comprising means for removing said spaces froma line, means for trimmin said spaces to form justifying-spaces, andmeans for replacing the justifying-spaces in the line.

5. A mechanism for ustifying lines of type composed with temporaryspaces of maximum width, comprising means for clamping the line andmoving it forward intermittently, means for stopping and unclamping theline and removing therefrom a temporary space, means for trimming saidspace and returning the resulting justifying-space to the line.

6. A mechanism for justifying lines of type composed with temporaryspaces of maxi mum width, comprising a saw, means for removing thetemporary spaces successively from the line and presenting them to thesaw to be trimmed, and means for returning the resultingjustifying-spaces to the line.

7. A mechanism for justifying lines of type composed with temporaryspaces having portions projecting beyond the type, com rising means forremoving said spaces from t e line, means for trimming the spaces toreduce their width, means for trimming the projecting portions from thespaces, and means for returning the trimmed spaces to the line.

8. In a mechanism for justifying composed lines of type, an adjustabledevice for cutting justifying-spaces, means for measuring the line anddetermining the number of spaces in the line, and means for adjustingsaid device governed by the measurement of the line and the number ofspaces. a

9. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a movable space-cuttingdevice, an adjustable slide upon which said device is mounted, and meansfor adjusting and looking said slide in position to cut justifyingspacesfor any iven line.

10. In a mechanism for justifying lines of type composed with temporaryspaces of maximum width, the combination of a series ofjustifying-levers, a common part, such as the rack 39, for operatingsaid levers, and connections of different lengths interposed betweensaid part and said levers to compensate for the abnormal width of thetemporary spaces.

11. In a justifying mechanism, the combi nation with a type way orchannel, of a follower-head, and a preceder-head adapted to clamp theline and move it along the channel while so clamped, with means forseparating said heads to release the line at intervals.

12. In a justifying-machine, the combination with the follower-rack, theprecederrack, the weights connected to said racks and arranged to drawthem in opposite directions, and the pawls and operating devicestherefor arranged to simultaneouslv move said racks in oppositedirections and in opposition to their weights, for the purpose setforth.

13. In a type-justifying machine, the combination with a typeway, and afollowerhead, of a weight for moving said followerhead, and means forcontrolling the descent of the weight whereby it is made to fall at auniform speed.

14. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with a horizontaltypeway, of a compacting-slide movable arallel therewith, acompacting-head mova le vertically on said slide, means for raising saidhead and moving the slide to engage a line of type, and means forreturning the slide and head to their initial positions in readiness toengage a succeeding line.

15. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with a channel or stickin which type are assembled, of a stick-pawl mounted on a movablesupport and normally entering said stick to form a stop for the typetherein, means for moving said pawl to lengthen the stick each time aspace is inserted, and means for throwing said pawl out of the stick topermit the line to pass to the respacing mechan- 1SII1.

16. In a justifying mechanism, the combil nation with a channel orstick, of a stick-pawl movable into and out of said channel and forminga stop for the type therein, a slide upon which said pawl is pivotallymounted, and a rocking blade adjacent to the path of said pawl andadapted to withdraw it from the stick at any point in its travel.

17. In a type setting and justifying machine, the combination with achannel or stick for the assemblage of lines, and a movable stick-pawlforming a stop for the type in said channel, of a space-ejector, aspacecounting rack operated thereby, and connections between said rackand the stick-pawl for moving the latter to increase the length of thestick each time a space is added to the line, for the purpose set forth.

18. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with thejustifying-levers, of a spacecounting rack provided with a cam 60, theslide 39 provided with movable parts 61 adapted to cooperate with saidcam, and the interponent parts 59, for the purpose set forth.

' 19. In a justifying mechanism, the combination witha typeway, ashutter, and means for moving a line of type intermittently along saidway, of a plunger for removing spaces from the line, and a secondplunger for relacin said s aces in the line said lun 'ers P o P I P abeing constantly reciprocating and said shutter being normally in thepath of the firstnamed plunger, and means for moving the shutter out ofsaid path each time a wordspace arrives in said path, for the purposedescribed.

20. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with a typeway, and meansfor moving a line of type intermittently thereon, of an elevatoradjacent to the typeway and adapted to receive and hold a space, aplunger for driving a space from the typeway into said elevator, meansfor reducing the size of the space to form a justifying-space while itis contained in said elevator, and means for retransferring saidjustifying-space from the elevator into the line on the typeway.

21. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with an elevator, andmeans for reciprocating the same, of a receptacle for a space on saidelevator, a spring-pressed clamp adapted to hold said space in saidreceptacle during themovement of the elevator, and means for trimmingthe space while it is so held to form a justifying-space, for thepurpose set forth.

22. In combination with justifying mechansim, means for transferring ajustified line of type to a galley, comprising a transferringblade formoving a line to the galley, a de pressing-blade for moving said lineinto the galley and out of the way of the succeeding line, and means forinterlocking said transferring and depressing blades to operate thelatter, said means being so arranged that the depressing-blade will notbe operated unless the transferring-blade is operated to the full end ofits stroke to carry the line fully into the galley.

23, A mechanism for justifying lines of type composed with temporaryspaces of maximum Width and of greater length than the type, comprisingmeans forsuccessively reducing said spaces to the proper Width tojustify the line and also reducing said spaces to the length of the typein the line.

24:. A mechanism for justifying a line of type composed With singletemporary spaces of maximum Width, comprising means for successivelyreducing said single spaces in Width to form permanent justifying-spacesfor the line.

25. A mechanism for justifying lines of type composed With temporaryspaces, co1nprising means for removing said spaces from the line, meansfor reducing said spaces in size to form justifying-spaces, and meansfor replacing said justifying-spaces in the line.

26. A mechanism for justifying lines of type composed With singletemporary spaces, comprising means for determining the Width ofjustifying-spaces, and means for reducing saidsingle temporary spaces tothe proper Width to form the justifying-spaces.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

FRANK AMOS JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

J. S. BRAND, WM. F. OASWELL.

